Autoimmune diseases are conditions where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. While the exact causes of autoimmune diseases are not always fully understood, they often involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Genetic predisposition, environmental factors (such as smoking, infection), hormonal factors.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers (such as infections, UV light exposure), hormonal factors.

Type 1 Diabetes

Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers (such as viral infections, dietary factors), autoimmunity against insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Genetic predisposition, environmental factors (such as viral infections, vitamin D deficiency), autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath of nerve cells.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers (such as iodine intake, radiation exposure), autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland.

Graves' Disease

Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers (such as stress, smoking), autoimmune stimulation of the thyroid gland.

Celiac Disease

Genetic predisposition (HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes), environmental trigger (gluten consumption), autoimmune reaction against gluten in the small intestine.

Psoriasis

Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers (such as stress, skin injury), dysregulation of the immune system leading to inflammation in the skin.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Crohn's Disease: Genetic predisposition, environmental factors (such as smoking, diet), dysregulation of the immune response in the gastrointestinal tract.

Ulcerative Colitis: Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, dysregulation of the immune response in the colon and rectum.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Genetic predisposition (HLA-B27 gene), environmental factors (such as bacterial infections), autoimmune inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints.

Sjögren's Syndrome

Genetic predisposition, environmental factors (such as viral infections), autoimmune attack on the salivary and lacrimal glands.

Vitiligo

Genetic predisposition, autoimmune destruction of melanocytes in the skin.

Pernicious Anaemia

Autoimmune destruction of parietal cells in the stomach, leading to vitamin B12 deficiency.

Myasthenia Gravis

Autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions, leading to muscle weakness.

Polymyositis

Autoimmune inflammation of skeletal muscles.

Dermatomyositis

Autoimmune inflammation of skin and muscles.

Addison's Disease

Autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex cells, leading to cortisol and aldosterone deficiency.

Alopecia Areata

Autoimmune attack on hair follicles, leading to hair loss.

Goodpasture's Syndrome

Autoimmune attack on basement membranes in the kidneys and lungs.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Autoimmune attack on peripheral nerves.

Autoimmune Hepatitis

Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers (such as certain medications, viral infections), autoimmune attack on liver cells